Nắm được cách để khởi động và dừng dịch vụ trong hệ điều hành Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
Hiển thị services
– Hiển thị danh sách các dịch vụ hiện đang hoạt động
root@localhost:~# systemctl -t service
UNIT >
apparmor.service >
apport.service >
blk-availability.service >
cloud-config.service >
cloud-final.service >
cloud-init-local.service >
cloud-init.service >
console-setup.service >
cron.service >
dbus.service >
finalrd.service >
.....
.....
unattended-upgrades.service >
user-runtime-dir@1000.service >
user@1000.service >
vgauth.service >
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
57 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
– Hiển thị danh sách tất cả các dịch vụ
root@localhost:~# systemctl list-unit-files -t service
UNIT FILE STATE VENDOR PRESET
apparmor.service enabled enabled
apport-autoreport.service static -
apport-forward@.service static -
apport.service generated -
apt-daily-upgrade.service static -
apt-daily.service static -
apt-news.service static -
autovt@.service alias -
.....
.....
xfs_scrub@.service static -
xfs_scrub_all.service static -
xfs_scrub_fail@.service static -
211 unit files listed.
Khởi động dịch vụ
Hiện thị trạng thái hiện tại của service
– Sử dụng systemctl status để kiểm tra trạng thái của một dịch vụ
root@localhost:~# systemctl status ufw.service ● ufw.service - Uncomplicated firewall Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ufw.service; enabled; vendor preset: e> Active: active (exited) since Wed 2024-05-01 04:29:35 UTC; 21min ago Docs: man:ufw(8) Process: 665 ExecStart=/lib/ufw/ufw-init start quiet (code=exited, status=0> Main PID: 665 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CPU: 4ms May 01 04:29:35 localhost systemd[1]: Starting Uncomplicated firewall... May 01 04:29:35 localhost systemd[1]: Finished Uncomplicated firewall.
root@localhost:~# systemctl status nftables.service ○ nftables.service - nftables Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service; disabled; vendor pre> Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org
Khởi động
– Khởi động cho một dịch vụ nếu bạn cần. Ví dụ: khởi động dịch vụ [nftables.service] như ví dụ bên dưới.
root@localhost:~# systemctl start nftables.service root@localhost:~# systemctl status nftables.service ● nftables.service - nftables Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service; disabled; vendor pre> Active: active (exited) since Wed 2024-05-01 05:10:45 UTC; 3s ago Docs: man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org Process: 1365 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf (code=exited, s> Main PID: 1365 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CPU: 28ms May 01 05:10:45 localhost systemd[1]: Starting nftables... May 01 05:10:45 localhost systemd[1]: Finished nftables.
– Để khởi động lại một dịch vụ sử dụng command sau:
root@localhost:~# systemctl restart nftables.service root@localhost:~# systemctl status nftables.service ● nftables.service - nftables Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service; enabled; vendor pres> Active: active (exited) since Wed 2024-05-01 05:15:33 UTC; 3s ago Docs: man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org Process: 1416 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf (code=exited, s> Main PID: 1416 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CPU: 22ms May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Starting nftables... May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Finished nftables.
– Để service tự khởi động sau khi reboot server:
root@localhost:~# systemctl enable nftables.service Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/nftables.service → /lib/systemd/system/nftables.service. root@localhost:~# systemctl status nftables.service ● nftables.service - nftables Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service; enabled; vendor pres> Active: active (exited) since Wed 2024-05-01 05:10:45 UTC; 57s ago Docs: man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org Main PID: 1365 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CPU: 28ms May 01 05:10:45 localhost systemd[1]: Starting nftables... May 01 05:10:45 localhost systemd[1]: Finished nftables.
– Để service tự khởi động sau khi reboot server và khởi động service ngay:
# systemctl enable --now nftables.service
2 Stop, disable dịch vụ
– Dừng và TẮT tự động khởi động cho một dịch vụ nếu bạn không cần. Ví dụ: tắt dịch vụ [nftables.service] như ví dụ bên dưới.
root@localhost:~# systemctl stop nftables.service root@localhost:~# systemctl status nftables.service ○ nftables.service - nftables Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service; enabled; vendor pres> Active: inactive (dead) since Wed 2024-05-01 05:17:56 UTC; 2s ago Docs: man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org Process: 1416 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nft -f /etc/nftables.conf (code=exited, s> Process: 1426 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/nft flush ruleset (code=exited, status=0/S> Main PID: 1416 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CPU: 21ms May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Starting nftables... May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Finished nftables. May 01 05:17:56 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping nftables... May 01 05:17:56 localhost systemd[1]: nftables.service: Deactivated successfull> May 01 05:17:56 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped nftables.
root@localhost:~# systemctl disable nftables.service Removed /etc/systemd/system/sysinit.target.wants/nftables.service. root@localhost:~# systemctl status nftables.service ○ nftables.service - nftables Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nftables.service; disabled; vendor pre> Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:nft(8) http://wiki.nftables.org May 01 05:10:45 localhost systemd[1]: Starting nftables... May 01 05:10:45 localhost systemd[1]: Finished nftables. May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping nftables... May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: nftables.service: Deactivated successfull> May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped nftables. May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Starting nftables... May 01 05:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Finished nftables. May 01 05:17:56 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping nftables... May 01 05:17:56 localhost systemd[1]: nftables.service: Deactivated successfull> May 01 05:17:56 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped nftables. lines 1-16/16 (END)
+ để tắt và dừng sử dụng service ngay command như sau:
[root@dlp ~]# systemctl disable --now nftables.service